One of the main causes of rising air pollution in Rwanda is poorly maintained vehicles that emit harmful gases. Normally, vehicles that emit more than one gram of pollutants per kilometer are considered high polluters and are a major cause of respiratory diseases. These diseases are primarily caused by harmful chemicals found in vehicle exhaust gases, including Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOₓ), and Particulate Matter (PM2.5).
To tackle air pollution, Rwanda has introduced a new technology-based system to test the type and level of emissions from each vehicle. This emission testing system does not replace the regular vehicle inspection (Contrôle Technique) conducted by the police. Instead, it complements it by enabling REMA (Rwanda Environment Management Authority) to test vehicle emissions at dedicated testing sites.
Pierre Celestin Hakizimana, an air quality monitoring officer at REMA, stated that this initiative will help reduce harmful vehicle emissions.
“We have advanced and intelligent machines that test emissions from petrol-powered cars, and others for diesel-powered vehicles. These machines are operated by experts, and we expect this initiative to significantly reduce air pollution, improve air quality, and give vehicle owners peace of mind because they will know their vehicle’s condition.” He explained.
Mbonigaba Innocent, the national coordinator of the new vehicle emissions testing program, emphasized that a well-maintained vehicle doesn’t pollute the air. He encouraged vehicle owners to take part in the program.
“ Every day we test over 150 vehicles. I advise Rwandans to maintain their vehicles properly. A well-maintained vehicle that receives regular servicing and repairs does not emit harmful gases. Neglecting maintenance, however, leads to pollution and damages the vehicle itself.” He spoke.
Those who have participated in the testing program say it is beneficial. It allows them to contribute to environmental protection while ensuring that their vehicles are safe and roadworthy.
Theogene Nzayikorera, a driver, stated:
“It’s good to have your vehicle tested even before it develops problems. Driving a well-maintained and fully compliant vehicle makes you feel secure. You’re following the law and protecting yourself and others.” Said Theogene Nzayikorera, a driver.
Niyonsenga Marcel, another driver, noted that checking a vehicle can help prevent accidents and reduce air pollution, which has a direct impact on public health.
According to a ministerial order issued on August 25, 2025, the following types of motor vehicles must undergo emissions testing and will be issued a certificate valid for six months:Public transport vehicles, Freight vehicles,Driving school vehicles,Commercial vehicles,Emergency service vehicles,School buses,Construction and agricultural machinery powered by petroleum-based fuels, Ambulances. Other vehicles will receive certificates valid for one year.
Statistics show that motorcycles account for 47% of all vehicles emitting air pollutants in Rwanda. This has prompted efforts to promote electric motorcycles as a cleaner alternative to petrol-powered ones.
Currently, emission testing services are available in the following areas: Huye District – Southern Province, Rwamagana District- Eastern Province,Remera – Kigali City, Musanze District – Northern Province.
